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        <main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role="main">             <h6>Offline docs brought to you by Precious Okwu (@libracoder) <span> <a href="https://twitter.com/libracoder"><img height="30px" src="../../assets/img/twitter.png" alt=""></a>  <a href="https://github.com/libracoder/bootstrap4-offline-docs"><img height="30px" src="../../assets/img/github.gif" alt=""></a>  <a href="https://facebook.com/libracoder"><img height="30px" src="../../assets/img/fb.png" alt=""></a></span></h6>             <hr>
          <h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Forms</h1>
          <p class="bd-lead">Examples and usage guidelines for form control styles, layout options, and custom components for creating a wide variety of forms.</p>
          <script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYIKKJL&amp;placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>

          <h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>

<p>Bootstrap’s form controls expand on <a href="../../content/reboot/index.html#forms">our Rebooted form styles</a> with classes. Use these classes to opt into their customized displays for a more consistent rendering across browsers and devices.</p>

<p>Be sure to use an appropriate <code class="highlighter-rouge">type</code> attribute on all inputs (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">email</code> for email address or <code class="highlighter-rouge">number</code> for numerical information) to take advantage of newer input controls like email verification, number selection, and more.</p>

<p>Here’s a quick example to demonstrate Bootstrap’s form styles. Keep reading for documentation on required classes, form layout, and more.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" aria-describedby="emailHelp" placeholder="Enter email" />
    <small id="emailHelp" class="form-text text-muted">We'll never share your email with anyone else.</small>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password" />
  </div>
  <div class="form-group form-check">
    <input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="exampleCheck1" />
    <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleCheck1">Check me out</label>
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleInputEmail1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Email address<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"email"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleInputEmail1"</span> <span class="na">aria-describedby=</span><span class="s">"emailHelp"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Enter email"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;small</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"emailHelp"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-text text-muted"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>We'll never share your email with anyone else.<span class="nt">&lt;/small&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleInputPassword1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Password<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"password"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleInputPassword1"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Password"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleCheck1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleCheck1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Check me out<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h2 id="form-controls">Form controls</h2>

<p>Textual form controls—like <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code>s, <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;select&gt;</code>s, and <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;textarea&gt;</code>s—are styled with the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-control</code> class. Included are styles for general appearance, focus state, sizing, and more.</p>

<p>Be sure to explore our <a href="#custom-forms">custom forms</a> to further style <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;select&gt;</code>s.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleFormControlInput1">Email address</label>
    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlInput1" placeholder="name@example.com" />
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleFormControlSelect1">Example select</label>
    <select class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlSelect1">
      <option>1</option>
      <option>2</option>
      <option>3</option>
      <option>4</option>
      <option>5</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleFormControlSelect2">Example multiple select</label>
    <select multiple="" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlSelect2">
      <option>1</option>
      <option>2</option>
      <option>3</option>
      <option>4</option>
      <option>5</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleFormControlTextarea1">Example textarea</label>
    <textarea class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlTextarea1" rows="3"></textarea>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlInput1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Email address<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"email"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlInput1"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"name@example.com"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlSelect1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example select<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlSelect1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>1<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>2<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>3<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>4<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>5<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlSelect2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example multiple select<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">multiple</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlSelect2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>1<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>2<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>3<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>4<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>5<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlTextarea1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example textarea<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;textarea</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlTextarea1"</span> <span class="na">rows=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>For file inputs, swap the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-control</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-control-file</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleFormControlFile1">Example file input</label>
    <input type="file" class="form-control-file" id="exampleFormControlFile1" />
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlFile1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example file input<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"file"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control-file"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleFormControlFile1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="sizing">Sizing</h3>

<p>Set heights using classes like <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-control-lg</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-control-sm</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<input class="form-control form-control-lg" type="text" placeholder=".form-control-lg" />
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Default input" />
<input class="form-control form-control-sm" type="text" placeholder=".form-control-sm" />
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control form-control-lg"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">".form-control-lg"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Default input"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control form-control-sm"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">".form-control-sm"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<div class="bd-example">
<select class="form-control form-control-lg">
  <option>Large select</option>
</select>
<select class="form-control">
  <option>Default select</option>
</select>
<select class="form-control form-control-sm">
  <option>Small select</option>
</select>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control form-control-lg"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>Large select<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>Default select<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control form-control-sm"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>Small select<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="readonly">Readonly</h3>

<p>Add the <code class="highlighter-rouge">readonly</code> boolean attribute on an input to prevent modification of the input’s value. Read-only inputs appear lighter (just like disabled inputs), but retain the standard cursor.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Readonly input here…" readonly="" />
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Readonly input here…"</span> <span class="na">readonly</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="readonly-plain-text">Readonly plain text</h3>

<p>If you want to have <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input readonly&gt;</code> elements in your form styled as plain text, use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-control-plaintext</code> class to remove the default form field styling and preserve the correct margin and padding.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-group row">
    <label for="staticEmail" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="text" readonly="" class="form-control-plaintext" id="staticEmail" value="email@example.com" />
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group row">
    <label for="inputPassword" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password" />
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"staticEmail"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-2 col-form-label"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Email<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">readonly</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control-plaintext"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"staticEmail"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"email@example.com"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-2 col-form-label"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Password<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"password"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Password"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<div class="bd-example">
<form class="form-inline">
  <div class="form-group mb-2">
    <label for="staticEmail2" class="sr-only">Email</label>
    <input type="text" readonly="" class="form-control-plaintext" id="staticEmail2" value="email@example.com" />
  </div>
  <div class="form-group mx-sm-3 mb-2">
    <label for="inputPassword2" class="sr-only">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword2" placeholder="Password" />
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Confirm identity</button>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group mb-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"staticEmail2"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"sr-only"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Email<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">readonly</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control-plaintext"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"staticEmail2"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"email@example.com"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group mx-sm-3 mb-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword2"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"sr-only"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Password<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"password"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword2"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Password"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary mb-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Confirm identity<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h2 id="range-inputs">Range Inputs</h2>

<p>Set horizontally scrollable range inputs using <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-control-range</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="formControlRange">Example Range input</label>
    <input type="range" class="form-control-range" id="formControlRange" />
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"formControlRange"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example Range input<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"range"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control-range"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"formControlRange"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h2 id="checkboxes-and-radios">Checkboxes and radios</h2>

<p>Default checkboxes and radios are improved upon with the help of <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-check</code>, <strong>a single class for both input types that improves the layout and behavior of their HTML elements</strong>. Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list, while radios are for selecting one option from many.</p>

<p>Disabled checkboxes and radios are supported, but to provide a <code class="highlighter-rouge">not-allowed</code> cursor on hover of the parent <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code>, you’ll need to add the <code class="highlighter-rouge">disabled</code> attribute to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-check-input</code>. The disabled attribute will apply a lighter color to help indicate the input’s state.</p>

<p>Checkboxes and radios use are built to support HTML-based form validation and provide concise, accessible labels. As such, our <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code>s and <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code>s are sibling elements as opposed to an <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code> within a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code>. This is slightly more verbose as you must specify <code class="highlighter-rouge">id</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">for</code> attributes to relate the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code>.</p>

<h3 id="default-stacked">Default (stacked)</h3>

<p>By default, any number of checkboxes and radios that are immediate sibling will be vertically stacked and appropriately spaced with <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-check</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="defaultCheck1" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="defaultCheck1">
    Default checkbox
  </label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="defaultCheck2" disabled="" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="defaultCheck2">
    Disabled checkbox
  </label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"defaultCheck1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"defaultCheck1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    Default checkbox
  <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"defaultCheck2"</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"defaultCheck2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    Disabled checkbox
  <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios1" value="option1" checked="" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios1">
    Default radio
  </label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios2" value="option2" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios2">
    Second default radio
  </label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios3" value="option3" disabled="" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios3">
    Disabled radio
  </label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exampleRadios"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleRadios1"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option1"</span> <span class="na">checked</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleRadios1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    Default radio
  <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exampleRadios"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleRadios2"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleRadios2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    Second default radio
  <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"exampleRadios"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"exampleRadios3"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option3"</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"exampleRadios3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    Disabled radio
  <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="inline">Inline</h3>

<p>Group checkboxes or radios on the same horizontal row by adding <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-check-inline</code> to any <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-check</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox1" value="option1" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineCheckbox1">1</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox2" value="option2" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineCheckbox2">2</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox3" value="option3" disabled="" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineCheckbox3">3 (disabled)</label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check form-check-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineCheckbox1"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineCheckbox1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>1<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check form-check-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineCheckbox2"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineCheckbox2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>2<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check form-check-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineCheckbox3"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option3"</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineCheckbox3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>3 (disabled)<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio1" value="option1" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineRadio1">1</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio2" value="option2" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineRadio2">2</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
  <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio3" value="option3" disabled="" />
  <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineRadio3">3 (disabled)</label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check form-check-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"inlineRadioOptions"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineRadio1"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineRadio1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>1<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check form-check-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"inlineRadioOptions"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineRadio2"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineRadio2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>2<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check form-check-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"inlineRadioOptions"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineRadio3"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option3"</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineRadio3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>3 (disabled)<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="without-labels">Without labels</h3>

<p>Add <code class="highlighter-rouge">.position-static</code> to inputs within <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-check</code> that don’t have any label text. Remember to still provide some form of label for assistive technologies (for instance, using <code class="highlighter-rouge">aria-label</code>).</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input position-static" type="checkbox" id="blankCheckbox" value="option1" aria-label="..." />
</div>
<div class="form-check">
  <input class="form-check-input position-static" type="radio" name="blankRadio" id="blankRadio1" value="option1" aria-label="..." />
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input position-static"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"blankCheckbox"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option1"</span> <span class="na">aria-label=</span><span class="s">"..."</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input position-static"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"blankRadio"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"blankRadio1"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option1"</span> <span class="na">aria-label=</span><span class="s">"..."</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h2 id="layout">Layout</h2>

<p>Since Bootstrap applies <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: block</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">width: 100%</code> to almost all our form controls, forms will by default stack vertically. Additional classes can be used to vary this layout on a per-form basis.</p>

<h3 id="form-groups">Form groups</h3>

<p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-group</code> class is the easiest way to add some structure to forms. It provides a flexible class that encourages proper grouping of labels, controls, optional help text, and form validation messaging. By default it only applies <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin-bottom</code>, but it picks up additional styles in <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-inline</code> as needed. Use it with <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;fieldset&gt;</code>s, <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;div&gt;</code>s, or nearly any other element.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="formGroupExampleInput">Example label</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput" placeholder="Example input" />
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="formGroupExampleInput2">Another label</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput2" placeholder="Another input" />
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"formGroupExampleInput"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example label<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"formGroupExampleInput"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Example input"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"formGroupExampleInput2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Another label<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"formGroupExampleInput2"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Another input"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="form-grid">Form grid</h3>

<p>More complex forms can be built using our grid classes. Use these for form layouts that require multiple columns, varied widths, and additional alignment options.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="First name" />
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Last name" />
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"First name"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Last name"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h4 id="form-row">Form row</h4>

<p>You may also swap <code class="highlighter-rouge">.row</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-row</code>, a variation of our standard grid row that overrides the default column gutters for tighter and more compact layouts.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="First name" />
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Last name" />
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"First name"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Last name"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>More complex layouts can also be created with the grid system.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="form-group col-md-6">
      <label for="inputEmail4">Email</label>
      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail4" placeholder="Email" />
    </div>
    <div class="form-group col-md-6">
      <label for="inputPassword4">Password</label>
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword4" placeholder="Password" />
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputAddress">Address</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress" placeholder="1234 Main St" />
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputAddress2">Address 2</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress2" placeholder="Apartment, studio, or floor" />
  </div>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="form-group col-md-6">
      <label for="inputCity">City</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputCity" />
    </div>
    <div class="form-group col-md-4">
      <label for="inputState">State</label>
      <select id="inputState" class="form-control">
        <option selected="">Choose...</option>
        <option>...</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group col-md-2">
      <label for="inputZip">Zip</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputZip" />
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck" />
      <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck">
        Check me out
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group col-md-6"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputEmail4"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Email<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"email"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputEmail4"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Email"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group col-md-6"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword4"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Password<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"password"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword4"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Password"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputAddress"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Address<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputAddress"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"1234 Main St"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputAddress2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Address 2<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputAddress2"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Apartment, studio, or floor"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group col-md-6"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputCity"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>City<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputCity"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputState"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>State<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputState"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Choose...<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>...<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group col-md-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputZip"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Zip<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputZip"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"gridCheck"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"gridCheck"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Check me out
      <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Sign in<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h4 id="horizontal-form">Horizontal form</h4>

<p>Create horizontal forms with the grid by adding the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.row</code> class to form groups and using the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.col-*-*</code> classes to specify the width of your labels and controls. Be sure to add <code class="highlighter-rouge">.col-form-label</code> to your <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code>s as well so they’re vertically centered with their associated form controls.</p>

<p>At times, you maybe need to use margin or padding utilities to create that perfect alignment you need. For example, we’ve removed the <code class="highlighter-rouge">padding-top</code> on our stacked radio inputs label to better align the text baseline.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-group row">
    <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email" />
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group row">
    <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password" />
    </div>
  </div>
  <fieldset class="form-group">
    <div class="row">
      <legend class="col-form-label col-sm-2 pt-0">Radios</legend>
      <div class="col-sm-10">
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios1" value="option1" checked="" />
          <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios1">
            First radio
          </label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios2" value="option2" />
          <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios2">
            Second radio
          </label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check disabled">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios3" value="option3" disabled="" />
          <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios3">
            Third disabled radio
          </label>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </fieldset>
  <div class="form-group row">
    <div class="col-sm-2">Checkbox</div>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <div class="form-check">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck1" />
        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck1">
          Example checkbox
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group row">
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputEmail3"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-2 col-form-label"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Email<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"email"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputEmail3"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Email"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword3"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-2 col-form-label"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Password<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"password"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword3"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Password"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;fieldset</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;legend</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-form-label col-sm-2 pt-0"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Radios<span class="nt">&lt;/legend&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"gridRadios"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"gridRadios1"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option1"</span> <span class="na">checked</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"gridRadios1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
            First radio
          <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"gridRadios"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"gridRadios2"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"gridRadios2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
            Second radio
          <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check disabled"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"gridRadios"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"gridRadios3"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"option3"</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"gridRadios3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
            Third disabled radio
          <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/fieldset&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Checkbox<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"gridCheck1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"gridCheck1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          Example checkbox
        <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Sign in<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h5 id="horizontal-form-label-sizing">Horizontal form label sizing</h5>

<p>Be sure to use <code class="highlighter-rouge">.col-form-label-sm</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">.col-form-label-lg</code> to your <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code>s or <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;legend&gt;</code>s to correctly follow the size of <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-control-lg</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-control-sm</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-group row">
    <label for="colFormLabelSm" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-sm">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control form-control-sm" id="colFormLabelSm" placeholder="col-form-label-sm" />
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group row">
    <label for="colFormLabel" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="colFormLabel" placeholder="col-form-label" />
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group row">
    <label for="colFormLabelLg" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-lg">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="colFormLabelLg" placeholder="col-form-label-lg" />
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"colFormLabelSm"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-sm"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Email<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"email"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control form-control-sm"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"colFormLabelSm"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"col-form-label-sm"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"colFormLabel"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-2 col-form-label"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Email<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"email"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"colFormLabel"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"col-form-label"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"colFormLabelLg"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-lg"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Email<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-10"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"email"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control form-control-lg"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"colFormLabelLg"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"col-form-label-lg"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h4 id="column-sizing">Column sizing</h4>

<p>As shown in the previous examples, our grid system allows you to place any number of <code class="highlighter-rouge">.col</code>s within a <code class="highlighter-rouge">.row</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-row</code>. They’ll split the available width equally between them. You may also pick a subset of your columns to take up more or less space, while the remaining <code class="highlighter-rouge">.col</code>s equally split the rest, with specific column classes like <code class="highlighter-rouge">.col-7</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col-7">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="City" />
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="State" />
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Zip" />
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-7"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"City"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"State"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Zip"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h4 id="auto-sizing">Auto-sizing</h4>

<p>The example below uses a flexbox utility to vertically center the contents and changes <code class="highlighter-rouge">.col</code> to <code class="highlighter-rouge">.col-auto</code> so that your columns only take up as much space as needed. Put another way, the column sizes itself based on the contents.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-row align-items-center">
    <div class="col-auto">
      <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInput">Name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control mb-2" id="inlineFormInput" placeholder="Jane Doe" />
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto">
      <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputGroup">Username</label>
      <div class="input-group mb-2">
        <div class="input-group-prepend">
          <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
        </div>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroup" placeholder="Username" />
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto">
      <div class="form-check mb-2">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck" />
        <label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck">
          Remember me
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Submit</button>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row align-items-center"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-auto"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"sr-only"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInput"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control mb-2"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInput"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Jane Doe"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-auto"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"sr-only"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputGroup"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Username<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group mb-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-prepend"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-text"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>@<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputGroup"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Username"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-auto"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check mb-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"autoSizingCheck"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"autoSizingCheck"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          Remember me
        <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-auto"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary mb-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>You can then remix that once again with size-specific column classes.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-row align-items-center">
    <div class="col-sm-3 my-1">
      <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputName">Name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputName" placeholder="Jane Doe" />
    </div>
    <div class="col-sm-3 my-1">
      <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
      <div class="input-group">
        <div class="input-group-prepend">
          <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
        </div>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername" placeholder="Username" />
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto my-1">
      <div class="form-check">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck2" />
        <label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck2">
          Remember me
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto my-1">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row align-items-center"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-3 my-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"sr-only"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputName"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputName"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Jane Doe"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-3 my-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"sr-only"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputGroupUsername"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Username<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-prepend"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-text"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>@<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputGroupUsername"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Username"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-auto my-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"autoSizingCheck2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"autoSizingCheck2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          Remember me
        <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-auto my-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>And of course <a href="#custom-forms">custom form controls</a> are supported.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-row align-items-center">
    <div class="col-auto my-1">
      <label class="mr-sm-2 sr-only" for="inlineFormCustomSelect">Preference</label>
      <select class="custom-select mr-sm-2" id="inlineFormCustomSelect">
        <option selected="">Choose...</option>
        <option value="1">One</option>
        <option value="2">Two</option>
        <option value="3">Three</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto my-1">
      <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox mr-sm-2">
        <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlAutosizing" />
        <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlAutosizing">Remember my preference</label>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto my-1">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row align-items-center"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-auto my-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mr-sm-2 sr-only"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormCustomSelect"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Preference<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-select mr-sm-2"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormCustomSelect"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Choose...<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>One<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Two<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Three<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-auto my-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-checkbox mr-sm-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customControlAutosizing"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customControlAutosizing"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Remember my preference<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-auto my-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="inline-forms">Inline forms</h3>

<p>Use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-inline</code> class to display a series of labels, form controls, and buttons on a single horizontal row. Form controls within inline forms vary slightly from their default states.</p>

<ul>
  <li>Controls are <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: flex</code>, collapsing any HTML white space and allowing you to provide alignment control with <a href="../../utilities/spacing/index.html">spacing</a> and <a href="../../utilities/flex/index.html">flexbox</a> utilities.</li>
  <li>Controls and input groups receive <code class="highlighter-rouge">width: auto</code> to override the Bootstrap default <code class="highlighter-rouge">width: 100%</code>.</li>
  <li>Controls <strong>only appear inline in viewports that are at least 576px wide</strong> to account for narrow viewports on mobile devices.</li>
</ul>

<p>You may need to manually address the width and alignment of individual form controls with <a href="../../utilities/spacing/index.html">spacing utilities</a> (as shown below). Lastly, be sure to always include a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code> with each form control, even if you need to hide it from non-screenreader visitors with <code class="highlighter-rouge">.sr-only</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form class="form-inline">
  <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputName2">Name</label>
  <input type="text" class="form-control mb-2 mr-sm-2" id="inlineFormInputName2" placeholder="Jane Doe" />

  <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername2">Username</label>
  <div class="input-group mb-2 mr-sm-2">
    <div class="input-group-prepend">
      <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
    </div>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername2" placeholder="Username" />
  </div>

  <div class="form-check mb-2 mr-sm-2">
    <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineFormCheck" />
    <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineFormCheck">
      Remember me
    </label>
  </div>

  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"sr-only"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputName2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control mb-2 mr-sm-2"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputName2"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Jane Doe"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>

  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"sr-only"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputGroupUsername2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Username<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group mb-2 mr-sm-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-prepend"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-text"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>@<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormInputGroupUsername2"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Username"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>

  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check mb-2 mr-sm-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormCheck"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormCheck"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      Remember me
    <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>

  <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary mb-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>Custom form controls and selects are also supported.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form class="form-inline">
  <label class="my-1 mr-2" for="inlineFormCustomSelectPref">Preference</label>
  <select class="custom-select my-1 mr-sm-2" id="inlineFormCustomSelectPref">
    <option selected="">Choose...</option>
    <option value="1">One</option>
    <option value="2">Two</option>
    <option value="3">Three</option>
  </select>

  <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox my-1 mr-sm-2">
    <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlInline" />
    <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlInline">Remember my preference</label>
  </div>

  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary my-1">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"my-1 mr-2"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormCustomSelectPref"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Preference<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-select my-1 mr-sm-2"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inlineFormCustomSelectPref"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Choose...<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>One<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Two<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Three<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>

  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-checkbox my-1 mr-sm-2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customControlInline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customControlInline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Remember my preference<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>

  <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary my-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h5 id="alternatives-to-hidden-labels">Alternatives to hidden labels</h5>
<p>Assistive technologies such as screen readers will have trouble with your forms if you don’t include a label for every input. For these inline forms, you can hide the labels using the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.sr-only</code> class. There are further alternative methods of providing a label for assistive technologies, such as the <code class="highlighter-rouge">aria-label</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">aria-labelledby</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">title</code> attribute. If none of these are present, assistive technologies may resort to using the <code class="highlighter-rouge">placeholder</code> attribute, if present, but note that use of <code class="highlighter-rouge">placeholder</code> as a replacement for other labelling methods is not advised.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="help-text">Help text</h2>

<p>Block-level help text in forms can be created using <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-text</code> (previously known as <code class="highlighter-rouge">.help-block</code> in v3). Inline help text can be flexibly implemented using any inline HTML element and utility classes like <code class="highlighter-rouge">.text-muted</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h5 id="associating-help-text-with-form-controls">Associating help text with form controls</h5>

<p>Help text should be explicitly associated with the form control it relates to using the <code class="highlighter-rouge">aria-describedby</code> attribute. This will ensure that assistive technologies—such as screen readers—will announce this help text when the user focuses or enters the control.</p>
</div>

<p>Help text below inputs can be styled with <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-text</code>. This class includes <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: block</code> and adds some top margin for easy spacing from the inputs above.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<label for="inputPassword5">Password</label>
<input type="password" id="inputPassword5" class="form-control" aria-describedby="passwordHelpBlock" />
<small id="passwordHelpBlock" class="form-text text-muted">
  Your password must be 8-20 characters long, contain letters and numbers, and must not contain spaces, special characters, or emoji.
</small>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword5"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Password<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"password"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword5"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">aria-describedby=</span><span class="s">"passwordHelpBlock"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;small</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"passwordHelpBlock"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-text text-muted"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  Your password must be 8-20 characters long, contain letters and numbers, and must not contain spaces, special characters, or emoji.
<span class="nt">&lt;/small&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>Inline text can use any typical inline HTML element (be it a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;small&gt;</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;span&gt;</code>, or something else) with nothing more than a utility class.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form class="form-inline">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputPassword6">Password</label>
    <input type="password" id="inputPassword6" class="form-control mx-sm-3" aria-describedby="passwordHelpInline" />
    <small id="passwordHelpInline" class="text-muted">
      Must be 8-20 characters long.
    </small>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword6"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Password<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"password"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputPassword6"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control mx-sm-3"</span> <span class="na">aria-describedby=</span><span class="s">"passwordHelpInline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;small</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"passwordHelpInline"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"text-muted"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      Must be 8-20 characters long.
    <span class="nt">&lt;/small&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h2 id="disabled-forms">Disabled forms</h2>

<p>Add the <code class="highlighter-rouge">disabled</code> boolean attribute on an input to prevent user interactions and make it appear lighter.</p>

<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"disabledInput"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Disabled input here..."</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>Add the <code class="highlighter-rouge">disabled</code> attribute to a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;fieldset&gt;</code> to disable all the controls within.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <fieldset disabled="">
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="disabledTextInput">Disabled input</label>
      <input type="text" id="disabledTextInput" class="form-control" placeholder="Disabled input" />
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="disabledSelect">Disabled select menu</label>
      <select id="disabledSelect" class="form-control">
        <option>Disabled select</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="disabledFieldsetCheck" disabled="" />
      <label class="form-check-label" for="disabledFieldsetCheck">
        Can't check this
      </label>
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </fieldset>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;fieldset</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"disabledTextInput"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Disabled input<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"disabledTextInput"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Disabled input"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"disabledSelect"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Disabled select menu<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"disabledSelect"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;option&gt;</span>Disabled select<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"disabledFieldsetCheck"</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"disabledFieldsetCheck"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Can't check this
      <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/fieldset&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h5 id="caveat-with-anchors">Caveat with anchors</h5>

<p>By default, browsers will treat all native form controls (<code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;select&gt;</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;button&gt;</code> elements) inside a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;fieldset disabled&gt;</code> as disabled, preventing both keyboard and mouse interactions on them. However, if your form also includes <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;a ... class="btn btn-*"&gt;</code> elements, these will only be given a style of <code class="highlighter-rouge">pointer-events: none</code>. As noted in the section about <a href="../buttons/index.html#disabled-state">disabled state for buttons</a> (and specifically in the sub-section for anchor elements), this CSS property is not yet standardized and isn’t fully supported in Internet Explorer 10, and won’t prevent keyboard users from being able to focus or activate these links. So to be safe, use custom JavaScript to disable such links.</p>
</div>

<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-danger">
<h4 id="cross-browser-compatibility">Cross-browser compatibility</h4>

<p>While Bootstrap will apply these styles in all browsers, Internet Explorer 11 and below don’t fully support the <code class="highlighter-rouge">disabled</code> attribute on a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;fieldset&gt;</code>. Use custom JavaScript to disable the fieldset in these browsers.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="validation">Validation</h2>

<p>Provide valuable, actionable feedback to your users with HTML5 form validation–<a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=form-validation">available in all our supported browsers</a>. Choose from the browser default validation feedback, or implement custom messages with our built-in classes and starter JavaScript.</p>

<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<p>We currently recommend using custom validation styles, as native browser default validation messages are not consistently exposed to assistive technologies in all browsers (most notably, Chrome on desktop and mobile).</p>
</div>

<h3 id="how-it-works">How it works</h3>

<p>Here’s how form validation works with Bootstrap:</p>

<ul>
  <li>HTML form validation is applied via CSS’s two pseudo-classes, <code class="highlighter-rouge">:invalid</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">:valid</code>. It applies to <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;select&gt;</code>, and <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;textarea&gt;</code> elements.</li>
  <li>Bootstrap scopes the <code class="highlighter-rouge">:invalid</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">:valid</code> styles to parent <code class="highlighter-rouge">.was-validated</code> class, usually applied to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;form&gt;</code>. Otherwise, any required field without a value shows up as invalid on page load. This way, you may choose when to activate them (typically after form submission is attempted).</li>
  <li>To reset the appearance of the form (for instance, in the case of dynamic form submissions using AJAX), remove the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.was-validated</code> class from the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;form&gt;</code> again after submission.</li>
  <li>As a fallback, <code class="highlighter-rouge">.is-invalid</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">.is-valid</code> classes may be used instead of the pseudo-classes for <a href="#server-side">server side validation</a>. They do not require a <code class="highlighter-rouge">.was-validated</code> parent class.</li>
  <li>Due to constraints in how CSS works, we cannot (at present) apply styles to a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code> that comes before a form control in the DOM without the help of custom JavaScript.</li>
  <li>All modern browsers support the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/sec-forms.html#the-constraint-validation-api">constraint validation API</a>, a series of JavaScript methods for validating form controls.</li>
  <li>Feedback messages may utilize the <a href="#browser-defaults">browser defaults</a> (different for each browser, and unstylable via CSS) or our custom feedback styles with additional HTML and CSS.</li>
  <li>You may provide custom validity messages with <code class="highlighter-rouge">setCustomValidity</code> in JavaScript.</li>
</ul>

<p>With that in mind, consider the following demos for our custom form validation styles, optional server side classes, and browser defaults.</p>

<h3 id="custom-styles">Custom styles</h3>

<p>For custom Bootstrap form validation messages, you’ll need to add the <code class="highlighter-rouge">novalidate</code> boolean attribute to your <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;form&gt;</code>. This disables the browser default feedback tooltips, but still provides access to the form validation APIs in JavaScript. Try to submit the form below; our JavaScript will intercept the submit button and relay feedback to you.</p>

<p>When attempting to submit, you’ll see the <code class="highlighter-rouge">:invalid</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">:valid</code> styles applied to your form controls.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form class="needs-validation" novalidate="">
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationCustom01">First name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom01" placeholder="First name" value="Mark" required="" />
      <div class="valid-feedback">
        Looks good!
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationCustom02">Last name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom02" placeholder="Last name" value="Otto" required="" />
      <div class="valid-feedback">
        Looks good!
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationCustomUsername">Username</label>
      <div class="input-group">
        <div class="input-group-prepend">
          <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
        </div>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustomUsername" placeholder="Username" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend" required="" />
        <div class="invalid-feedback">
          Please choose a username.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
      <label for="validationCustom03">City</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" placeholder="City" required="" />
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        Please provide a valid city.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
      <label for="validationCustom04">State</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom04" placeholder="State" required="" />
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        Please provide a valid state.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
      <label for="validationCustom05">Zip</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" placeholder="Zip" required="" />
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        Please provide a valid zip.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck" required="" />
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        You must agree before submitting.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</form>

<script>
// Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields
(function() {
  'use strict';
  window.addEventListener('load', function() {
    // Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to
    var forms = document.getElementsByClassName('needs-validation');
    // Loop over them and prevent submission
    var validation = Array.prototype.filter.call(forms, function(form) {
      form.addEventListener('submit', function(event) {
        if (form.checkValidity() === false) {
          event.preventDefault();
          event.stopPropagation();
        }
        form.classList.add('was-validated');
      }, false);
    });
  }, false);
})();
</script>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"needs-validation"</span> <span class="na">novalidate</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom01"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>First name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom01"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"First name"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Mark"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"valid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Looks good!
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom02"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Last name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom02"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Last name"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Otto"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"valid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Looks good!
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationCustomUsername"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Username<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-prepend"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;span</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-text"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputGroupPrepend"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>@<span class="nt">&lt;/span&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationCustomUsername"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Username"</span> <span class="na">aria-describedby=</span><span class="s">"inputGroupPrepend"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          Please choose a username.
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-6 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom03"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>City<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom03"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"City"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Please provide a valid city.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom04"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>State<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom04"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"State"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Please provide a valid state.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom05"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Zip<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationCustom05"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Zip"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Please provide a valid zip.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"invalidCheck"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"invalidCheck"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Agree to terms and conditions
      <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        You must agree before submitting.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit form<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span>

<span class="nt">&lt;script&gt;</span>
<span class="c1">// Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
  <span class="s1">'use strict'</span><span class="p">;</span>
  <span class="nb">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">addEventListener</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'load'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="c1">// Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to</span>
    <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">forms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementsByClassName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'needs-validation'</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="c1">// Loop over them and prevent submission</span>
    <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">validation</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">prototype</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">filter</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">call</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">forms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">form</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
      <span class="nx">form</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">addEventListener</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'submit'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">form</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">checkValidity</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
          <span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">preventDefault</span><span class="p">();</span>
          <span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stopPropagation</span><span class="p">();</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
        <span class="nx">form</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">classList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'was-validated'</span><span class="p">);</span>
      <span class="p">},</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="p">});</span>
  <span class="p">},</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">})();</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/script&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="browser-defaults">Browser defaults</h3>

<p>Not interested in custom validation feedback messages or writing JavaScript to change form behaviors? All good, you can use the browser defaults. Try submitting the form below. Depending on your browser and OS, you’ll see a slightly different style of feedback.</p>

<p>While these feedback styles cannot be styled with CSS, you can still customize the feedback text through JavaScript.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationDefault01">First name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault01" placeholder="First name" value="Mark" required="" />
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationDefault02">Last name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault02" placeholder="Last name" value="Otto" required="" />
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationDefaultUsername">Username</label>
      <div class="input-group">
        <div class="input-group-prepend">
          <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend2">@</span>
        </div>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefaultUsername" placeholder="Username" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend2" required="" />
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
      <label for="validationDefault03">City</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault03" placeholder="City" required="" />
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
      <label for="validationDefault04">State</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault04" placeholder="State" required="" />
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
      <label for="validationDefault05">Zip</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault05" placeholder="Zip" required="" />
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck2" required="" />
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck2">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
  <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault01"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>First name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault01"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"First name"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Mark"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault02"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Last name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault02"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Last name"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Otto"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationDefaultUsername"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Username<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-prepend"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;span</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-text"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputGroupPrepend2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>@<span class="nt">&lt;/span&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationDefaultUsername"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Username"</span> <span class="na">aria-describedby=</span><span class="s">"inputGroupPrepend2"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-6 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault03"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>City<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault03"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"City"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault04"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>State<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault04"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"State"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault05"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Zip<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationDefault05"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Zip"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"invalidCheck2"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"invalidCheck2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Agree to terms and conditions
      <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit form<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="server-side">Server side</h3>

<p>We recommend using client side validation, but in case you require server side, you can indicate invalid and valid form fields with <code class="highlighter-rouge">.is-invalid</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">.is-valid</code>. Note that <code class="highlighter-rouge">.invalid-feedback</code> is also supported with these classes.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationServer01">First name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer01" placeholder="First name" value="Mark" required="" />
      <div class="valid-feedback">
        Looks good!
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationServer02">Last name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer02" placeholder="Last name" value="Otto" required="" />
      <div class="valid-feedback">
        Looks good!
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationServerUsername">Username</label>
      <div class="input-group">
        <div class="input-group-prepend">
          <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend3">@</span>
        </div>
        <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServerUsername" placeholder="Username" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend3" required="" />
        <div class="invalid-feedback">
          Please choose a username.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
      <label for="validationServer03">City</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer03" placeholder="City" required="" />
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        Please provide a valid city.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
      <label for="validationServer04">State</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer04" placeholder="State" required="" />
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        Please provide a valid state.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
      <label for="validationServer05">Zip</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer05" placeholder="Zip" required="" />
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        Please provide a valid zip.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input is-invalid" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck3" required="" />
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck3">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        You must agree before submitting.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationServer01"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>First name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control is-valid"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationServer01"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"First name"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Mark"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"valid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Looks good!
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationServer02"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Last name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control is-valid"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationServer02"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Last name"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Otto"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"valid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Looks good!
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationServerUsername"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Username<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-prepend"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;span</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-text"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"inputGroupPrepend3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>@<span class="nt">&lt;/span&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control is-invalid"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationServerUsername"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Username"</span> <span class="na">aria-describedby=</span><span class="s">"inputGroupPrepend3"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          Please choose a username.
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-6 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationServer03"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>City<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control is-invalid"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationServer03"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"City"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Please provide a valid city.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationServer04"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>State<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control is-invalid"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationServer04"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"State"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Please provide a valid state.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationServer05"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Zip<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control is-invalid"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationServer05"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Zip"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Please provide a valid zip.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-input is-invalid"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"invalidCheck3"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-check-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"invalidCheck3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Agree to terms and conditions
      <span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        You must agree before submitting.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit form<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="supported-elements">Supported elements</h3>

<p>Our example forms show native textual <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code>s above, but form validation styles are available for our custom form controls, too.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form class="was-validated">
  <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox mb-3">
    <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlValidation1" required="" />
    <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlValidation1">Check this custom checkbox</label>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid feedback text</div>
  </div>

  <div class="custom-control custom-radio">
    <input type="radio" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlValidation2" name="radio-stacked" required="" />
    <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlValidation2">Toggle this custom radio</label>
  </div>
  <div class="custom-control custom-radio mb-3">
    <input type="radio" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlValidation3" name="radio-stacked" required="" />
    <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlValidation3">Or toggle this other custom radio</label>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">More example invalid feedback text</div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-group">
    <select class="custom-select" required="">
      <option value="">Open this select menu</option>
      <option value="1">One</option>
      <option value="2">Two</option>
      <option value="3">Three</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid custom select feedback</div>
  </div>

  <div class="custom-file">
    <input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="validatedCustomFile" required="" />
    <label class="custom-file-label" for="validatedCustomFile">Choose file...</label>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid custom file feedback</div>
  </div>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"was-validated"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-checkbox mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customControlValidation1"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customControlValidation1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Check this custom checkbox<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example invalid feedback text<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>

  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-radio"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customControlValidation2"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"radio-stacked"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customControlValidation2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Toggle this custom radio<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-radio mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customControlValidation3"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"radio-stacked"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customControlValidation3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Or toggle this other custom radio<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>More example invalid feedback text<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>

  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-select"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">""</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Open this select menu<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>One<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Two<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Three<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example invalid custom select feedback<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>

  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-file"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"file"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-file-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validatedCustomFile"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-file-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validatedCustomFile"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Choose file...<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-feedback"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example invalid custom file feedback<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="tooltips">Tooltips</h3>

<p>If your form layout allows it, you can swap the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.{valid|invalid}-feedback</code> classes for <code class="highlighter-rouge">.{valid|invalid}-tooltip</code> classes to display validation feedback in a styled tooltip. Be sure to have a parent with <code class="highlighter-rouge">position: relative</code> on it for tooltip positioning. In the example below, our column classes have this already, but your project may require an alternative setup.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<form class="needs-validation" novalidate="">
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationTooltip01">First name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip01" placeholder="First name" value="Mark" required="" />
      <div class="valid-tooltip">
        Looks good!
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationTooltip02">Last name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip02" placeholder="Last name" value="Otto" required="" />
      <div class="valid-tooltip">
        Looks good!
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
      <label for="validationTooltipUsername">Username</label>
      <div class="input-group">
        <div class="input-group-prepend">
          <span class="input-group-text" id="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend">@</span>
        </div>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltipUsername" placeholder="Username" aria-describedby="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend" required="" />
        <div class="invalid-tooltip">
          Please choose a unique and valid username.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
      <label for="validationTooltip03">City</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip03" placeholder="City" required="" />
      <div class="invalid-tooltip">
        Please provide a valid city.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
      <label for="validationTooltip04">State</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip04" placeholder="State" required="" />
      <div class="invalid-tooltip">
        Please provide a valid state.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
      <label for="validationTooltip05">Zip</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip05" placeholder="Zip" required="" />
      <div class="invalid-tooltip">
        Please provide a valid zip.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</form>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;form</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"needs-validation"</span> <span class="na">novalidate</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip01"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>First name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip01"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"First name"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Mark"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"valid-tooltip"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Looks good!
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip02"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Last name<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip02"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Last name"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Otto"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"valid-tooltip"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Looks good!
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltipUsername"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Username<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-prepend"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          <span class="nt">&lt;span</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"input-group-text"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltipUsernamePrepend"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>@<span class="nt">&lt;/span&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltipUsername"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Username"</span> <span class="na">aria-describedby=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltipUsernamePrepend"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-tooltip"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
          Please choose a unique and valid username.
        <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-row"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-6 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip03"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>City<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip03"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"City"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-tooltip"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Please provide a valid city.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip04"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>State<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip04"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"State"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-tooltip"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Please provide a valid state.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip05"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Zip<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"form-control"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"validationTooltip05"</span> <span class="na">placeholder=</span><span class="s">"Zip"</span> <span class="na">required</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
      <span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"invalid-tooltip"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
        Please provide a valid zip.
      <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
    <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;button</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"btn btn-primary"</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"submit"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Submit form<span class="nt">&lt;/button&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/form&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h2 id="custom-forms">Custom forms</h2>

<p>For even more customization and cross browser consistency, use our completely custom form elements to replace the browser defaults. They’re built on top of semantic and accessible markup, so they’re solid replacements for any default form control.</p>

<h3 id="checkboxes-and-radios-1">Checkboxes and radios</h3>

<p>Each checkbox and radio is wrapped in a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;div&gt;</code> with a sibling <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;span&gt;</code> to create our custom control and a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code> for the accompanying text. Structurally, this is the same approach as our default <code class="highlighter-rouge">.form-check</code>.</p>

<p>We use the sibling selector (<code class="highlighter-rouge">~</code>) for all our <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code> states—like <code class="highlighter-rouge">:checked</code>—to properly style our custom form indicator. When combined with the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.custom-control-label</code> class, we can also style the text for each item based on the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code>’s state.</p>

<p>We hide the default <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code> with <code class="highlighter-rouge">opacity</code> and use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.custom-control-label</code> to build a new custom form indicator in its place with <code class="highlighter-rouge">::before</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">::after</code>. Unfortunately we can’t build a custom one from just the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code> because CSS’s <code class="highlighter-rouge">content</code> doesn’t work on that element.</p>

<p>In the checked states, we use <strong>base64 embedded SVG icons</strong> from <a href="https://useiconic.com/open">Open Iconic</a>. This provides us the best control for styling and positioning across browsers and devices.</p>

<h4 id="checkboxes">Checkboxes</h4>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="custom-control custom-checkbox">
  <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customCheck1" />
  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customCheck1">Check this custom checkbox</label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-checkbox"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customCheck1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customCheck1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Check this custom checkbox<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>Custom checkboxes can also utilize the <code class="highlighter-rouge">:indeterminate</code> pseudo class when manually set via JavaScript (there is no available HTML attribute for specifying it).</p>

<div class="bd-example bd-example-indeterminate">
  <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox">
    <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customCheck2" />
    <label class="custom-control-label" for="customCheck2">Check this custom checkbox</label>
  </div>
</div>

<p>If you’re using jQuery, something like this should suffice:</p>

<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="nx">$</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'.your-checkbox'</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">prop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'indeterminate'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre></figure>

<h4 id="radios">Radios</h4>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="custom-control custom-radio">
  <input type="radio" id="customRadio1" name="customRadio" class="custom-control-input" />
  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadio1">Toggle this custom radio</label>
</div>
<div class="custom-control custom-radio">
  <input type="radio" id="customRadio2" name="customRadio" class="custom-control-input" />
  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadio2">Or toggle this other custom radio</label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-radio"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customRadio1"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"customRadio"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customRadio1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Toggle this custom radio<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-radio"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customRadio2"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"customRadio"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customRadio2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Or toggle this other custom radio<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h4 id="inline-1">Inline</h4>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="custom-control custom-radio custom-control-inline">
  <input type="radio" id="customRadioInline1" name="customRadioInline1" class="custom-control-input" />
  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadioInline1">Toggle this custom radio</label>
</div>
<div class="custom-control custom-radio custom-control-inline">
  <input type="radio" id="customRadioInline2" name="customRadioInline1" class="custom-control-input" />
  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadioInline2">Or toggle this other custom radio</label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-radio custom-control-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customRadioInline1"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"customRadioInline1"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customRadioInline1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Toggle this custom radio<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-radio custom-control-inline"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customRadioInline2"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"customRadioInline1"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customRadioInline2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Or toggle this other custom radio<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h4 id="disabled">Disabled</h4>

<p>Custom checkboxes and radios can also be disabled. Add the <code class="highlighter-rouge">disabled</code> boolean attribute to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code> and the custom indicator and label description will be automatically styled.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="custom-control custom-checkbox">
  <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customCheckDisabled" disabled="" />
  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customCheckDisabled">Check this custom checkbox</label>
</div>

<div class="custom-control custom-radio">
  <input type="radio" id="customRadioDisabled" name="radioDisabled" class="custom-control-input" disabled="" />
  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadioDisabled">Toggle this custom radio</label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-checkbox"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customCheckDisabled"</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customCheckDisabled"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Check this custom checkbox<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>

<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control custom-radio"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"radio"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"radio3"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"radioDisabled"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customRadioDisabled"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-input"</span> <span class="na">disabled</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-control-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customRadioDisabled"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Toggle this custom radio<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="select-menu">Select menu</h3>

<p>Custom <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;select&gt;</code> menus need only a custom class, <code class="highlighter-rouge">.custom-select</code> to trigger the custom styles. Custom styles are limited to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;select&gt;</code>’s initial appearance and cannot modify the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;option&gt;</code>s due to browser limitations.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<select class="custom-select">
  <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
  <option value="1">One</option>
  <option value="2">Two</option>
  <option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-select"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Open this select menu<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>One<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Two<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Three<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>You may also choose from small and large custom selects to match our similarly sized text inputs.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<select class="custom-select custom-select-lg mb-3">
  <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
  <option value="1">One</option>
  <option value="2">Two</option>
  <option value="3">Three</option>
</select>

<select class="custom-select custom-select-sm">
  <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
  <option value="1">One</option>
  <option value="2">Two</option>
  <option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-select custom-select-lg mb-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Open this select menu<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>One<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Two<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Three<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>

<span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-select custom-select-sm"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Open this select menu<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>One<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Two<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Three<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">multiple</code> attribute is also supported:</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<select class="custom-select" multiple="">
  <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
  <option value="1">One</option>
  <option value="2">Two</option>
  <option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-select"</span> <span class="na">multiple</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Open this select menu<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>One<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Two<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Three<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>As is the <code class="highlighter-rouge">size</code> attribute:</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<select class="custom-select" size="3">
  <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
  <option value="1">One</option>
  <option value="2">Two</option>
  <option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;select</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-select"</span> <span class="na">size=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">selected</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Open this select menu<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>One<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Two<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Three<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="range">Range</h3>

<p>Create custom <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input type="range"&gt;</code> controls with <code class="highlighter-rouge">.custom-range</code>. The track (the background) and thumb (the value) are both styled to appear the same across browsers. As only IE and Firefox support “filling” their track from the left or right of the thumb as a means to visually indicate progress, we do not currently support it.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<label for="customRange1">Example range</label>
<input type="range" class="custom-range" id="customRange1" />
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customRange1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example range<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"range"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-range"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customRange1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>Range inputs have implicit values for <code class="highlighter-rouge">min</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">max</code>—<code class="highlighter-rouge">0</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">100</code>, respectively. You may specify new values for those using the <code class="highlighter-rouge">min</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">max</code> attributes.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<label for="customRange2">Example range</label>
<input type="range" class="custom-range" min="0" max="5" id="customRange2" />
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customRange2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example range<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"range"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-range"</span> <span class="na">min=</span><span class="s">"0"</span> <span class="na">max=</span><span class="s">"5"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customRange2"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>By default, range inputs “snap” to integer values. To change this, you can specify a <code class="highlighter-rouge">step</code> value. In the example below, we double the number of steps by using <code class="highlighter-rouge">step="0.5"</code>.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<label for="customRange3">Example range</label>
<input type="range" class="custom-range" min="0" max="5" step="0.5" id="customRange3" />
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customRange3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Example range<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"range"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-range"</span> <span class="na">min=</span><span class="s">"0"</span> <span class="na">max=</span><span class="s">"5"</span> <span class="na">step=</span><span class="s">"0.5"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customRange3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<h3 id="file-browser">File browser</h3>

<p>The file input is the most gnarly of the bunch and requires additional JavaScript if you’d like to hook them up with functional <em>Choose file…</em> and selected file name text.</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="custom-file">
  <input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="customFile" />
  <label class="custom-file-label" for="customFile">Choose file</label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-file"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"file"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-file-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customFile"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-file-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customFile"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Choose file<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>We hide the default file <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code> via <code class="highlighter-rouge">opacity</code> and instead style the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;label&gt;</code>. The button is generated and positioned with <code class="highlighter-rouge">::after</code>. Lastly, we declare a <code class="highlighter-rouge">width</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">height</code> on the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code> for proper spacing for surrounding content.</p>

<h4 id="translating-or-customizing-the-strings">Translating or customizing the strings</h4>

<p>The <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:lang"><code class="highlighter-rouge">:lang()</code> pseudo-class</a> is used to allow for translation of the “Browse” text into other languages. Override or add entries to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">$custom-file-text</code> Sass variable with the relevant <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IETF_language_tag">language tag</a> and localized strings. The English strings can be customized the same way. For example, here’s how one might add a Spanish translation (Spanish’s language code is <code class="highlighter-rouge">es</code>):</p>

<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nv">$custom-file-text</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span>
  <span class="n">en</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s2">"Browse"</span><span class="o">,</span>
  <span class="n">es</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s2">"Elegir"</span>
<span class="p">);</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>Here’s <code class="highlighter-rouge">lang(es)</code> in action on the custom file input for a Spanish translation:</p>

<div class="bd-example">
<div class="custom-file">
  <input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="customFileLang" lang="es" />
  <label class="custom-file-label" for="customFileLang">Seleccionar Archivo</label>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-file"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"file"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-file-input"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"customFileLang"</span> <span class="na">lang=</span><span class="s">"es"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
  <span class="nt">&lt;label</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"custom-file-label"</span> <span class="na">for=</span><span class="s">"customFileLang"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Seleccionar Archivo<span class="nt">&lt;/label&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>You’ll need to set the language of your document (or subtree thereof) correctly in order for the correct text to be shown. This can be done using <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/lang">the <code class="highlighter-rouge">lang</code> attribute</a> on the <code class="highlighter-rouge"><span class="nt">&lt;html&gt;</span></code> element or the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.12"><code class="highlighter-rouge">Content-Language</code> HTTP header</a>, among other methods.</p>

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